Beauchamp, Tom L. ; Childress, James F. Principles of biomedical ethics. 5th ed. Oxford, USA : Oxford University Press, 2001, 5th ed. 454p. ISBN 0-19-514332-9.   QH332 B372p 2001 5 ed.

CONTENTS

PART I

1. MORAL NORMS - 1
Ethics and Morality - 1
Moral Dilemmas - 9
A Framework of Moral Principles - 12
The Prima Facie Nature of Moral Norms - 14
Specifying Principles and Rules - 15
Balancing Principles and Rules - 18
Conclusion - 23

2. MORAL CHARACTER - 26
Moral Virtues - 26
Virtues in Professional Roles - 30
Five Focal Virtues - 32
The Relationship of Moral Virtues and Moral Principles - 39
Moral ldeals - 39
Moral Excellence - 43
Conclusion - 51

PART II

3. RESPECT FOR AUTONOMY - 57
The Nature of Autonomy - 57
The Capacity for Autonomous Choice - 69
The Meaning and Justification of Informed Consent - 77
Disclosure - 80
Understanding - 88
Voluntariness - 93
A Framework of Standards for Surrogate Decision-Making - 98
Conclusion - 103

4. NONMALEFICENCE - 113
The Concept of Nonmaleficence - 114
Distinctions and Rules Governing Nontreatment - 119
Optional Treatments and Obligatory Treatments - 133
Killing and Letting Die - 139
The Justification of Intentionally Arranged Deaths - 144
Protecting Incompetent Patients - 152
Conclusion - 157

5. BENEFICENCE - 165
The Concept of Beneficence - 166
Obligatory and Ideal Beneficence - 167
Paternalism: Conflicts Between Beneficence and Autonomy - 176
Balancing Benefits, Costs, and Risks - 194
The Value and Quality of Life - 206
Conclusion - 214

6. JUSTICE - 225
The Concept of Justice - 226
Theories of Justice - 230
Fair Opportunity - 235
The Right to a Decent Minimum of Health Care - 239
The Allocation of Health Care Resources - 250
Rationing and Setting Priorities - 253
Rationing Scarce Treatments to Patients - 264
Conclusion - 272

7. PROFESSIONAL-PATIENT RELATIONSHIPS - 283
Veracity - 283
Privacy - 293
Confidentiality - 303
Fidelity - 312
The Dual Roles of Physician and Investigator - 319
Conclusion - 327

PART III

8. MORAL THEORIES - 337
Criteria for Theory Construction - 338
Utilitarianism: Consequence-Based Theory - 340
Kantianism: Obligation-Based Theory - 348
Liberal Individualism: Rights-Based Theory - 355
Communitarianism: Community-Based Theory - 362
Ethics of Care: Relationship-Based Accounts - 369
Convergence Across Theories - 376
Conclusion - 377

9. METHOD AND MORAL JUSTIFICATION - 384
Justification in Ethics - 384
Top-Down Models: Theory and Application - 385
Bottom-Up Models: Cases and Inductive Generalization - 391
An Integrated Model: Coherence Theory - 397
Common-Morality Theory - 401
Conclusion - 408

APPENDIX: CASES IN BIOMEDICAL ETHICS - 415

INDEX - 433