Biblioteca - Centro de Bioética
CREMESP

Encyclopedia of bioethics. Post, Stephen G (editor).3rd ed. New York, USA : Macmillan Reference, 2003. 5 volumes - ISBN 0-02-865774-8
R QH332 E56e 3. ed.  2003

Volume 1 = A-C - ISBN = 0-02-865775-6
Volume 2 = D-H - ISBN = 0-02865776-4
Volume 3 = I-M - ISBN = 0-02-865777-2
Volume 4 = N-S - ISBN = 0-02-865778-0
Volume 5 = T-X - ISBN = 0-02-865779-9

LIST OF ARTICLES

A

ABORTION
I. MEDICAL PERSPECTIVES - Allan Rosenfield; Sara Iden (1995); Revised by Anne Drapkin Lyerly
II. CONTEMPORARY ETHICAL AND LEGAL ASPECTS: A. - ETHICAL PERSPECTIVES - L. Syd M. Johnson
II. CONTEMPORARY ETHICAL AND LEGAL ASPECTS: B. - LEGAL AND REGULATORY ISSUES -  Anita L. Allen (1995); Revised by author
III. RELIGIOUS TRADITIONS: A. - JEWISH PERSPECTIVES - Laurie Zoloth
III. RELIGIOUS TRADITIONS: B. - ROMAN CATHOLIC PERSPECTIVES - Lisa Sowle Cahill (1995)
III. RELIGIOUS TRADITIONS: C. PROTESTANT PERSPECTIVES - Beverly Wildung Harrison (1995)
III. RELIGIOUS TRADITIONS: D. ISLAMIC PERSPECTIVES - Osman Bakar (1995)

ABUSE, INTERPERSONAL
I. CHILD ABUSE - John D. Lantos (1995)
II. ABUSE BETWEEN DOMESTIC PARTNERS - Allison W. Moore (1995); Revised by Allison W. Moore, Laura A. Russell
III. ELDER ABUSE - Rosalie S. Wolf (1995); Revised by Georgia J. Anetzberger

ACCESS TO HEALTHCARE - Emily Friedman

ADDICTION AND DEPENDENCE - Mark S. Gold (1995); Revised by Mark S. Gold, Michael J. Herkov

ADOPTION - Annette Baran; Betty Jean Lifton

ADVANCE DIRECTIVES AND ADVANCE CARE PLANNING - Gary S. Fischer; James A. Tulsky; Robert M. Arnold

ADVERTISING - Allen R. Dyer; Revised by author

AFRICAN RELIGIONS - John S. Mbiti (1995)

AGING AND THE AGED
I. THEORIES OF AGING AND LIFE EXTENSION - Robert Arking
II. LIFE EXPECTANCY AND LIFE SPAN - S. Jay Olshansky (1995)
III. SOCIETAL AGING - Nancy S. Jecker (1995);  Revised by author
IV. HEALTHCARE AND RESEARCH ISSUES - Greg A. Sachs (1995); Revised by author
V. OLD AGE - Thomas R. Cole; Martha Holstein (1995)
VI. ANTI-AGING INTERVENTIONS: ETHICAL AND SOCIAL ISSUES - Eric T. Juengst

AGRICULTURE AND BIOTECHNOLOGY - Mark Sagoff

AIDS
I. PUBLIC HEALTH ISSUES - Ronald Bayer (1995); Revised by author

II. HEALTHCARE AND RESEARCH ISSUES - Bernard Lo (1995); Revised by Leslie E. Wolf, Bernard Lo

ALCOHOL AND OTHER DRUGS IN A PUBLIC HEALTH CONTEXT - Robin Room (1995); Revised by author

ALCOHOLISM - Richard W. Osborne (1995)

ALTERNATIVE THERAPIES
I. SOCIAL HISTORY - Robert C. Fuller (1995)
II. ETHICAL AND LEGAL ISSUES - James F. Drane (1995)

ANIMAL RESEARCH
I. HISTORICAL ASPECTS - James C. Whorton (1995); Revised by author
II. PHILOSOPHICAL ISSUES - Peter Singer (1995); Revised by author
III. LAW AND POLICY - Jeffrey Kahn; Ralph Dell (1995); Revised by Jeffrey Kahn, Susan Parry

ANIMAL WELFARE AND RIGHTS
I. ETHICAL PERSPECTIVES ON THE TREATMENT AND STATUS OF ANIMALS - Thomas Regan (1995)
II. VEGETARIANISM - Andrew Linzey (1995)
III. WILDLIFE CONSERVATION AND MANAGEMENT - Holmes Rolston III (1995)
IV. PET AND COMPANION ANIMALS - Andrew Linzey (1995)
V. ZOOS AND ZOOLOGICAL PARKS - Julie Dunlap; Stephen R. KelleRt (1995)
VI. ANIMALS IN AGRICULTURE AND FACTORY FARMING - Bernard E. Rollin (1995)

ANTHROPOLOGY AND BIOETHICS - Barbara A. Koenig; Patricia A. Marshall

ARTIFICIAL HEARTS AND CARDIAC ASSIST DEVICES - Arthur L. Caplan (1995); Revised by Arthur L. Caplan, Sheldon Zink

ARTIFICIAL NUTRITION AND HYDRATION - Larry D. Scott

AUTHORITY IN RELIGIOUS TRADITIONS - Rita M. Gross

AUTO EXPERIMENTATION - Teodoro Forcht Dagi (1995); Revised by John K. Davis

AUTONOMY - Bruce L. Miller (1995)

B

BEHAVIORISM
I. HISTORY OF BEHAVIORAL PSYCHOLOGY - Daniel N. Robinson (1995); Revised by author
II. PHILOSOPHICAL ISSUES - Rem B. Edwards (1995); Revised by author

BEHAVIOR MODIFICATION THERAPIES - Frederick Rotgers; Cvril M. Franks (1995); Revised by authors

BENEFICENCE - Larry R. Churchill (1995)

BIAS, RESEARCH - Sue V. Rosser (1995); Revised by author

BIOETHICS - Daniel Callahan (1995)

BIOETHICS: AFRICAN-AMERICAN PERSPECTIVES - Annette Dula

BIOETHICS EDUCATION
I. MEDICINE - Robert M. Arnold; Lachlan Forrow (1995); Revised by authors
II. NURSING - Mila A. Aroskar; Anne J. Davis (1995); Revised by Theresa Drought, Anne J. Davis
III. SECONDARY AND POSTSECONDARY EDUCATION - Drew Leder (1995); Revised by author
IV. OTHER HEALTH PROFESSIONS - Ruth B. Purtilo (1995); Revised by author

BIOLOGY, PHILOSOPHY OF - David Magnus

BIOMEDICAL ENGINEERING - Caroline Whitbeck (1995); Revised by author

BIOTERRORISM - Jonathan D. Moreno

BODY
I. EMBODIMENT IN THE PHENOMENOLOGICAL TRADITION - Richard M. Zaner (1995)
II. CULTURAL AND RELIGIOUS PERSPECTIVES - Thomas J. Csordas (1995)

BUDDHISM, BIOETHICS IN - William E. Deal

C

CANCER, ETHICAL ISSUES RELATED TO DIAGNOSIS AND TREATMENT - Christian M. Simon; Eric D. Kodish

CARE
I. HISTORY OF THE NOTION OF CARE - Warren Thomas Reich (1995)
II. HISTORICAL DIMENSIONS OF AN ETHIC OF CARE IN HEALTHCARE - Warren Thomas Reich (1995)
III. CONTEMPORARY ETHICS OF CARE - Nancy S. Jecker; Warren Thomas Reich (1995); Revised by Nancy S. Jecker

CASUISTRY - Albert R. Jonsen (1995)

CHILDREN
I. HISTORY OF CHILDHOOD - Joseph M. Hawes; N. Ray Hiner (1995)
II. RIGHTS OF CHILDREN - Francis Schrag (1995)
III. HEALTHCARE AND RESEARCH ISSUES - Loretta M. Kopelman (1995); Revised by author
IV. MENTAL HEALTH ISSUES - James Garbarino (1995); Revised by Benedetto Vitiello

CHRISTIANITY, BIOETHICS IN - Nigel M. de S. Cameron

CHRONIC ILLNESS AND CHRONIC CARE - Charles J. Fahey; Daniel M. Fox

CIRCUMCISION, FEMALE - Olayinka A. Koso-Thomas (1995); Update by Loretta M. Kopelman

CIRCUMCISION, MALE - Jeffrey R. Botkin (1995); Revised by author

CIRCUMCISION, RELIGIOUS ASPECTS OF - Dena S. Davis

CLIMATE CHANGE - Dale Jamieson (1995); Revised by author

CLINICAL ETHICS
I. DEVELOPMENT, ROLE, AND METHODOLOGIES - John C. Fletcher; Howard Brody (1995); Revised by Mark P. Aulisio
II. CLINICAL ETHICS CONSULTATION - George A. Kanoti; Stuart J. Youngner (1995)
III. INSTITUTIONAL ETHICS COMMITTEES - Charles J. Dougherty (1995)

CLONING
I. SCIENTIFIC BACKGROUND - George E. Seidel, Jr.
II. REPRODUCTIVE - Barbara MacKinnon
III. RELIGIOUS PERSPECTIVES - Paul Lauritzen; Nathaniel Stewart

COERCION - Charles W. Lidz
COMMERCIALISM IN SCIENTIFIC RESEARCH - Kenneth Allen de Ville (1995); Revised by Howard Brody

COMMUNITARIANISM AND BIOETHICS - Mark G. Kuczewski

COMPASSIONATE LOVE - Lynn G. Underwood

COMPETENCE - Robert M. Wettstein (1995)

CONFIDENTIALITY - William J. Winslade (1995)

CONFLICT OF INTEREST - E. Haavi Morreim (1995); Revised by author

CONFUCIANISM, BIOETHICS IN - Vivian-Lee Nyitray

CONSCIENCE - Martin Benjamin (1995)

CONSCIENCE, RIGHTS OF - Thomas May

CONSENSUS, ROLE AND AUTHORITY OF - Jonathan D. Moreno

CONTRACTARIANISM AND BIOETHICS - Maureen Kelley

CORPORATE COMPLIANCE - Jonathan P. Horenstein

CYBERNETICS - C. Christopher Hook

D

DAOISM, BIOETHICS IN - Russell Kirkland (1995)

DEATH
I. CULTURAL PERSPECTIVES - Barbara A. Koenig; Patricia A. Marshall
II. EASTERN THOUGHT - Katherine K. Young (1995)
III. WESTERN PHILOSOPHICAL THOUGHT - Richard W. Momeyer (1995); Revised by author
IV. WESTERN RELIGIOUS THOUGHT - Lonnie D. Kliever (1995)
V. DEATH IN THE WESTERN WORLD - Talcott Parsons (1995); Postscript by Victor Lidz (1995);  Postscript revised by author
VI. PROFESSIONAL EDUCATION - David E. Weissman

DEATH, DEFINITION AND DETERMINATION OF
I. CRITERIA FOR DEATH - Ronald E. Cranford (1995); Revised by author
II. LEGAL ISSUES IN PRONOUNCING DEATH - Alexander Morgan Capron (1995); Revised by author
III. PHILOSOPHICAL AND THEOLOGICAL PERSPECTIVES - Karen G. Gervais

DEATH PENALTY - Tom Sorell (1995)

DEEP BRAIN STIMULATION - Joseph J. Fins

DEMENTIA - Stephen G. Post

DENTISTRY - David T. Ozar (1995); Revised by author

DIALYSIS, KIDNEY - Alvin H. Moss (1995); Revised by author

DISABILITY
I. ETHICAL AND SOCIETAL PERSPECTIVES - Rachel Cohon
II. LEGAL ISSUES - Lawrence O. Gostin (1995); Revised by author

DIVIDED LOYALTIES IN MENTAL HEALTHCARE - James Allen Knight (1995); Revised by Allen R. Dyer; Laura Weiss Roberts

DNA IDENTIFICATION - Eric T. Juengst

DNR (DO NOT RESUSCITATE) - Jeffrey P. Burns

DOUBLE EFFECT, PRINCIPLE OR DOCTRINE OF - Mark P. Aulisio

E

EASTERN ORTHODOX CHRISTIANITY, BIOETHICS IN - Stanley S. Harakas (1995)

ECONOMIC CONCEPTS IN HEALTHCARE - Paul T. Menzel (1995); Revised by author

ELECTROCONVULSIVE THERAPY - Charles M. Culver (1995); Revised by author

EMBRYO AND FETUS
I. DEVELOPMENT FROM FERTILIZATION TO BIRTH - Alexandre Mauron
II. EMBRYO RESEARCH - Carol A. Tauer
III. STEM CELL RESEARCH AND THERAPY - John M. Harris; Derek Morgan; Mary Ford
IV. RELIGIOUS PERSPECTIVES - Ronald Cole-Turner

EMOTIONS - Nancy Sherman (1995); Revised by author

EMPIRICAL METHODS IN BIOETHICS - Laura A. Siminoff

ENDANGERED SPECIES AND BIODIVERSITY - Holmes Rolston III (1995)

ENHANCEMENT USES OF MEDICAL TECHNOLOGY - Eric T. Juengst

ENVIRONMENTAL ETHICS
I. OVERVIEW - J. Baird Callicoct (1995)
II. DEEP ECOLOGY - Arne Naess (1995)
III. LAND ETHICS - J. Baird Callicott (1995)
IV. ECOFEMINISM - Karen J. Warren (1995)

ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH - Peter S. Wenz (1995); Revised by Jessica Pierce

ENVIRONMENTAL POLICY AND LAW - Mark Sagoff (1995); Revised by author

EPIDEMICS - Richard J. Evans (1995)

ETHICS
I. TASK OF ETHICS - Michael A. Slote (1995)
II. MORAL EPISTEMOLOGY - Michael J. Quirk (1995)
III. NORMATIVE ETHICAL THEORIES - W. David Solomon (1995)
IV. SOCIAL AND POLITICAL THEORIES - Jean Bethke Elshtain (1995)
V. RELIGION AND MORALITY - Robin W. Lovin (1995)

ETHICS COMMITTEES AND ETHICS CONSULTATION - Mark P. Aulisio

EUGENICS
I. HISTORICAL ASPECTS - Daniel J. KevIes (1995)
II. ETHICAL ISSUES - Troy Duster

EUGENICS AND RELIGIOUS LAW
I. JUDAISM - David M. Feldman (1995)
II. CHRISTIANITY - William W. Bassett (1995)
III. ISLAM - Abdulaziz Sachedina (1995)
IV. HINDUISM AND BUDDHISM - Geoffrey P. Redmond (1995)

EXPERT TESTIMONY - J. Richard Ciccone (1995)

F

FAMILY AND FAMILY MEDICINE - Hilde Lindemann Nelson; James Lindemann Nelson (1995); Revised by authors

FEMINISM - Hilde Lindemann Nelson

FERTILITY CONTROL
I. MEDICAL ASPECTS - Michael S. Policar (1995), Revised
II. SOCIAL AND ETHICAL ISSUES - Kathleen E. Powderly
III. LEGAL AND REGULATORY ISSUES - Nancy Neveloff Dubler; Amanda White (1995); Revised by Nathaniel Stewart

FETAL RESEARCH - LeRoy Walters (1995); Revised by Anne Drapkin Lyerly

FREEDOM AND FREE WILL - Rem B. Edwards

FUTURE GENERATIONS, REPRODUCTIVE TECHNOLOGIES AND OBLIGATIONS TO - Philip J. Peters, Jr.

G

GENDER IDENTITY - Timothy F. Murphy (1995); Revised by author

GENETIC COUNSELING, ETHICAL ISSUES IN - Robert F. Murray, Jr. (1995)

GENETIC COUNSELING, PRACTICE OF - Barbara Bowles Biesecker (1995); Revised by author

GENETIC DISCRIMINATION - Phyllis Griffin Epps

GENETIC ENGINEERING, HUMAN - David B. Resnik

GENETICS AND ENVIRONMENT IN HUMAN HEALTH - Gilbert S. Omenn; Arno G. Motulsky (1995);  Revised by Richard R. Sharp

GENETICS AND HUMAN BEHAVIOR
I. SCIENTIFIC AND RESEARCH ISSUES - Glayde Whitney (1995); Revised by Kenneth F. Schaffner
II. PHILOSOPHICAL AND ETHICAL ISSUES - Richard A. Shweder (1995); Revised by Leonard M. Fleck

GENETICS AND HUMAN SELF?UNDERSTANDING - Laurie Zoloth

GENETICS AND RACIAL MINORITIES - Sandra Soo-Jin Lee

GENETIC TESTING AND SCREENING
I. REPRODUCTIVE GENETIC TESTING - Nancy Press; Kiley Ariail
II. NEWBORN GENETIC SCREENING - Ellen Wright Clayton
III. POPULATION SCREENING - Eric T. Juengst
IV. PUBLIC HEALTH CONTEXT - James G. Hodge, Jr.
V. PREDICTIVE GENETIC TESTING - Kimberly A. Quaid
VI. PEDIATRIC GENETIC TESTING - Rebecca Marsick; Eric D. Kodish

GRIEF AND BEREAVEMENT - Kenneth J. Doka

H

HARM - Bettina Schoene-Seifert (1995); Revised by author

HARMFUL SUBSTANCES, LEGAL CONTROL OF - David F. Musto (1995); Revised by author

HAZARDOUS WASTES AND TOXIC SUBSTANCES - Kristin Shrader-Frechette (1995); Revised by author

HEALING - J. Pat Browder; Richard Vance (1995)

HEALTH AND DISEASE
I. HISTORY OF THE CONCEPTS - Dietrich von Engelhardt (1995); Revised by author
II. SOCIOLOGICAL PERSPECTIVES - Charles L. Bosk (1995); Revised by Charles L. Bosk; Jacqueline Hart
III. ANTHROPOLOGICAL PERSPECTIVES - Allan Young (1995); Revised by Elisa J. Gordon
IV. PHILOSOPHICAL PERSPECTIVES - H. Tristram Engelhardt, Jr.; Kevin Wm. Wildes (1995); Revised by authors
V. THE EXPERIENCE OF HEALTH AND ILLNESS - Drew Leder (1995); Revised by author

HEALTHCARE INSTITUTIONS - Roger J. Bulger Christine K. Cassel (1995); Revised by authors

HEALTHCARE PROFESSIONALS, LEGAL REGULATION OF - Lisa H. Newton (1995); Revised by author

HEALTHCARE RESOURCES, ALLOCATION OF
I. MACROALLOCATION -  John F. Kilner (1995) - Revised by author
II. MICROALLOCATION -  John F. Kilner (1995) - Revised by author

HEALTHCARE SYSTEMS - L. Gregory Pawlson; Jacqueline J. Glover (1995); Revised by Varduhi Petrosyan; Gerard F. Anderson

HEALTH INSURANCE - Michael J. Garland; Merwyn R. Greenlick (1995); Revised by authors

HEALTH POLICY IN INTERNATIONAL PERSPECTIVE - Gerard F. Anderson; Stephanie L. Maxwell (1995); Revised by Gerard F. Anderson; Varduhi Petrosyan; Stephanie L. Maxwell

HEALTH POLICY IN THE UNITED STATES - Robert H. Binstock

HEALTH SERVICES MANAGEMENT ETHICS - Kurt Darr

HINDUISM, BIOETHICS IN - Mitchell G. Weiss (1995)

HOLOCAUST AND BIOETHICS - Paul Root Wolpe

HOMICIDE - Sana Loue

HOMOSEXUALITY
I. CLINICAL AND BEHAVIORAL ASPECTS -  Tom Christoffel (1995); Revised by Sana Loue
II. ETHICAL ISSUES - Timothy F. Murphy
III. RELIGIOUS PERSPECTIVES - Suzanne Holland

HOSPITAL, CONTEMPORARY ETHICAL PROBLEMS OF THE - Corrine Bayley (1995); Revised by Elisa J. Gordon

HOSPITAL, MEDIEVAL AND RENAISSANCE HISTORY OF THE - Timothy S. Miller (1995)

HOSPITAL, MODERN HISTORY OF THE - Günter B. Risse (1995)

HUMAN DIGNITY - John F. Kilner

HUMAN EVOLUTION AND ETHICS - Michael Ruse

HUMAN GENE TRANSFER RESEARCH - M. Therese Lysaught

HUMAN NATURE - Alison M. Jaggar; Karsten J. Struhl (1995)

HUMAN RIGHTS - Stephen P. Marks

I

IMMIGRATION, ETHICAL AND HEALTH ISSUES OF - Sana Loue

IMPAIRED PROFESSIONALS - Giles R. Scofield (1995); Revised by Marshall B. Kapp

INFANTICIDE - Cindy Bouillon-Jensen (1995) - Revised by David R. Larson

INFANTS, ETHICAL ISSUES WITH - Robert F. Weir (1995)

INFANTS, MEDICAL ASPECTS AND ISSUES IN THE CARE OF - John D. Lantos; Kathryn L. Moseley (1995); Revised by John D. Lantos; William Meadow

INFANTS, PUBLIC POLICY AND LEGAL ISSUES - Anne M. Dellinger; Patricia C. Kuszler (1995);  Revised by Patricia C. Kuszler

INFORMATION DISCLOSURE, ETHICAL ISSUES OF - Andrew Jameton (1995)

INFORMED CONSENT
I. HISTORY OF INFORMED CONSENT - Tom L. Beauchamp; Ruth R. Faden (1995)
II. MEANING AND ELEMENTS - Tom L. Beauchamp; Ruth R. Faden (1995)
III. CONSENT ISSUES IN HUMAN RESEARCH - Robert J. Levine (1995); Revised by author
IV. CLINICAL ASPECTS OF CONSENT IN HEALTHCARE - Robert M. Arnold; Charles W. Lidz (1995);  Revised by authors
V. LEGAL AND ETHICAL ISSUES OF CONSENT IN HEALTHCARE - Jay Katz (1995); Postscript by  Angela Roddey Holder; Postscript revised by author
VI. ISSUES OF CONSENT IN MENTAL HEALTHCARE - Alan P. Brown; Troyen A. Brennan (1995);  Revised by Lisa S. Parker; Kamran Samakar

INJURY AND INJURY CONTROL - Stephen P. Teret - Michael D. Teret (1995)

INSANITY AND THE INSANITY DEFENSE - Robert M. Wettstein

INSTITUTIONALIZATION AND DEINSTITUTIONALIZATION - H. Richard Lamb (1995); Revised by author

INTERNATIONAL HEALTH - James W. Kazura

ISLAM, BIOETHICS IN - Abdulaziz Sachedina (1995)

J

JAINISM, BIOETHICS IN - Christopher Key Chapple (1995)

JEHOVAH'S WITNESS REFUSAL OF BLOOD PRODUCTS - Martin L. Smith

JUDAISM, BIOETHICS IN - David Novak (1995)

JUSTICE - James P. Sterba (1995); Revised by author

JUST WAGES AND SALARIES - William Quigley

L

LABOR UNIONS IN HEALTHCARE - Thomas F. Schindler

LAW AND BIOETHICS - Alexander Morgan Capron (1995)

LAW AND MORALITY - Baruch A. Brody (1995)

LIFE - Sarah Franklin (1995)

LIFE, QUALITY OF
I. QUALITY OF LIFE IN CLINICAL DECISIONS - James J. Walter (1995)
II. QUALITY OF LIFE IN HEALTHCARE ALLOCATION - E. Haavi Morreim (1995), Revised by author
III. QUALITY OF LIFE IN LEGAL PERSPECTIVE - Norman L. Cantor (1995); Revised by author

LIFE, SANCTITY OF - Dennis Hollinger

LIFESTYLES AND PUBLIC HEALTH - Daniel Wikler; Dan E. Beauchamp (1995)

LIFE-SUSTAINING TREATMENT AND EUTHANASIA
I. ETHICAL ASPECTS - Dan W. Brock (1995); Revised by author
II. HISTORICAL ASPECTS - Harold Y. Vanderpool (1995); Revised by author

LITERATURE AND HEALTHCARE - Joanne Trautmann Banks (1995); Revised by author

LONG-TERM CARE
I. CONCEPT AND POLICIES - Rosalie A. Kane (1995); Revised by author
II. NURSING HOMES - Jill A. Rhymes; Lawrence B. McCullough (1995); Revised by authors
III. HOME CARE - Terrie Wetle (1995)

M

MALPRACTICE, MEDICAL - Troyen A. Brennan (1995); Revised by Maxwell Mehlman

MANAGED CARE - Karen G. Gervais

MATERNAL-FETAL RELATIONSHIP
I. MEDICAL ASPECTS - Nancy Milliken (1995); Revised
II. ETHICAL ISSUES - Bonnie Steinbock (1995)
III. LEGAL AND REGULATORY ISSUES - Dawn E. Johnsen (1995); Revised by Michelle Oberman

MEDICAID - Diane Rowland; Catherine Hoffman (1995); Revised by Bruce Jennings

MEDICAL CODES AND OATHS
I. HISTORY - Robert M. Veatch (1995)
II. ETHICAL ANALYSIS - Robert M. Veatch (1995)

MEDICAL EDUCATION - Edmund D. Pellegrino (1995)

MEDICAL ETHICS, HISTORY OF AFRICA
I. SUB-SAHARAN COUNTRIES - Jeckoniah O. Ndinya-Achola (1995)
II. SOUTH AFRICA - Solomon R. Benatar (1995)

MEDICAL ETHICS, HISTORY OF THE AMERICAS
I. COLONIAL NORTH AIMERICA AND NINETEENTH-CENTURY UNITED STATES - Chester R. Burns (1995)
II. THE UNITED STATES IN THE TWENTY-FIRST CENTURY - Albert R. Jonsen; Andrew Jameton (1995); Revised by authors
III. CANADA - David J. Roy; John R. Williams (1995); Revised by Françoise Baylis
IV. LATIN AMERICA - José Alberto Mainetti (1995); Revised by author; Translated by Mary M. Solberg

MEDICAL ETHICS, HISTORY OF AUSTRALIA AND NEW ZEALAND - Justin Oakley (1995); Revised by author

MEDICAL ETHICS, HISTORY OF EUROPE
I. ANCIENT AND MEDIEVAL. A. - GREECE AND ROME - Darrel W. Amundsen (1995)
I. ANCIENT AND MEDIEVAL. B. - EARLY CHRISTIANITY - Darrel W. Amundsen (1995)
I. ANCIENT AND MEDIEVAL. C. - MEDIEVAL CHRISTIAN EUROPE - Darrel W. Amundsen (1995)
II. RENAISSANCE AND ENLIGHTENMENT - Harold J. Cook (1995)
III. NINETEENTH CENTURY. A. - EUROPE - Andreas-Holger Maehle (1995)
III. NINETEENTH CENTURY. B. - GREAT BRITAIN - Roy Porter (1995)

MEDICAL ETHICS, HISTORY OF EUROPE: CONTEMPORARY PERIOD
I. INTRODUCTION - Dietrich von Engelhardt; Sandro Spinsanti (1995); Revised ly authors
II. SOUTHERN EUROPE - Diego Gracia; Teresa Gracia (1995); Revised by authors
III. THE BENELUX COUNTRIES - Maurice A. M. de Wachter (1995); Revised by author
IV. UNITED KINGDOM - Raanan Gillon (1995); Revised by author
V. REPUBLIC OF IRELAND - Dolores Dooley (1995); Revised by author
VI. GERMAN-SPEAKING COUNTRIES AND SWITZERLAND - Bettina Schoene-Seifert; Hans-Martin Sass; Laura Jane Bishop; Alberto Bondolfi (1995); Revised by Bettina Schoene?Seifert
VII. NORDIC COUNTRIES - B. I. B. Lindahl (1995); Revised by author
VIII. CENTRAL AND EASTERN EUROPE - Bela Blasszauer (1995); Revised by author
IX. RUSSIA - Boris Yudin (1995); Translated by Richard Schneider

MEDICAL ETHICS, HISTORY OF THE NEAR AND MIDDLE EAST
I. ANCIENT NEAR FAST - Darrel W. Amundsen; Gary B. Ferngren (1995)
II. IRAN - Abdulaziz Sachedina (1995)
III. TURKEY - Nil Sari (1995)
IV. CONTEMPORARY ARAB WORLD - Hassan Hathout (1995)
V. ISRAEL - Shimon M. Glick (1995)

MEDICAL ETHICS, HISTORY OF SOUTH AND EAST ASIA
I. GENERAL SURVEY - R. Kent Guy (1995); Revised by author
II. INDIA - Prakash N. Desai (1995)
III. CHINA. A. - PRE-REPUBLICAN CHINA - Paul U. Unschuld (1995)
III. CHINA. B. - CONTEMPORARY CHINA - Ren-Zong Qiu; Albert R. Jonsen (1995)
IV. JAPAN. A. - JAPAN THROUGH THE NINETEENTH CENTURY - Joseph Mitsuo Kitagawa (1995)
IV. JAPAN. B. - CONTEMPORARY JAPAN - Rihito Kimura (1995); Revised by author
V. SOUTHEAST ASIAN COUNTRIES - Pinit Ratanakul (1995)

MEDICAL FUTILITY - Stuart J. Youngner

MEDICARE - Theodore Marmor (1995); Revised by author

MEDICINE, ANTHROPOLOGY OF - Arthur Kleinman (1995)

MEDICINE, ART OF - Eric J. Cassell (1995)

MEDICINE, PHILOSOPHY OF - H. Tristram Engelhardt, Jr.; Kevin Wm. Wildes (1995)

MEDICINE, PROFESSION OF - Gert H. Brieger (1995) - Revised by author

MEDICINE, SOCIOLOGY OF - David Mechanic (1995)

MENTAL HEALTH, MEANING OF MENTAL HEALTH - Edwin R. Wallace IV (1995); Postscript by author

MENTAL HEALTH SERVICES
I. SETTINGS AND PROGRAMS - Allan V. Horwitz (1995); Revised by author
II. ETHICAL ISSUES - Michele A. Carter (1995); Revised by author

MENTAL HEALTH THERAPIES - Mark D. Sullivan (1995); Revised by author

MENTAL ILLNESS
I. DEFINITION, USE AND MEANING - K.W.M. Fulford
II. CULTURAL PERSPECTIVES - Atwood D. Gaines (1995); Revised by author
III. ISSUES IN DIAGNOSIS - John Z. Sadler

MENTAL INSTITUTIONS, COMMITMENT TO - Charles M. Culver (1995); Revised by author

MENTALLY DISABLED AND MENTALLY ILL PERSONS
I. HEALTHCARE ISSUES - Miriam Shuchman (1995); Revised by author
II. RESEARCH ISSUES - Carl Elliott (1995); Revised by Carl Elliott, Susan Parry

MERGERS AND ACQUISITIONS - James B. Tubbs, Jr.

METAPHOR AND ANALOGY - James F. Childress (1995)

MILITARY PERSONNEL AS RESEARCH SUBJECTS - Susan E. Lederer (1995); Revised by author

MINORITIES AS RESEARCH SUBJECTS - Todd L. Savitt (1995); Revised by author

MISTAKES, MEDICAL - Joel E. Frader; Charles L. Bosk

MORAL STATUS - James W. Walters

MORMONISM (CHURCH OF JESUS CHRIST OF LATTERDAY SAINTS), BIOETHICS IN - Courtney S. Campbell

N

NANOTECHNOLOGY - C. Christopher Hook

NARRATIVE - Kathryn Montgomery Hunter (1995)

NATIVE AMERICAN RELIGIONS, BIOETHICS IN - John A. Grim (1995)

NATURAL LAW - Russell Hittinger (1995)

NEUROETHICS - Paul Root Wolpe

NURSING ETHICS - Sara T. Fry (1995); Revised by author

NURSING, PROFESSION OF - Anne H. Bishop (1995); Revised by Barbara J. Daly

NURSING, THEORIES AND PHILOSOPHY OF - John R. Scudder, Jr.; Anne H. Bishop (1995); Revised by authors

O

OBLIGATION AND SUPEREROGATION - David Heyd (1995)

OCCUPATIONAL SAFETY AND HEALTH
I. ETHICAL ISSUES - Charles Levenstein (1995)
II. OCCUPATIONAL HEALTHCARE PROVIDERS - Bailus Walker, Jr. (1995)

ORGAN AND TISSUE PROCUREMENT
I. MEDICAL AND ORGANIZATIONAL ASPECTS - Jeffrey M. Prottas (1995); Revised by author
II. ETHICAL AND LEGAL ISSUES REGARDING LIVING DONORS - Jeffrey Kahn; Susan Parry

ORGANIZATIONAL ETHICS IN HEALTHCARE - Robert T. Hall

ORGAN TRANSPLANTS, MEDICAL OVERVIEW OF - Calvin R, Stiller (1995); Revised by Calvin R. Stiller;  William J. Wall

ORGAN TRANSPLANTS, SOCIOCULTURAL ASPECTS OF - Renée C. Fox; Judith P. Swazey (1995);  Revised by authors

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PAIN AND SUFFERING - Eric J. Cassell (1995)

PALLIATIVE CARE AND HOSPICE - Derek Doyle; David Barnard

PASTORAL CARE AND HEALTHCARE CHAPLAINCY - Rodney J. Hunter (1995); Revised by author

PATENTING ORGANISMS AND BASIC RESEARCH - Rebecca S. Eisenberg (1995); Revised by Arti K. Rai

PATERNALISM - Tom L Beauchamp (1995)

PATIENTS' RESPONSIBILITIES
I. DUTIES OF PATIENTS - Howard Brody (1995)
II. VIRTUES OF PATIENTS - Karen Lebacqz (1995)

PATIENTS' RIGHTS
I. ORIGIN AND NATURE OF PATIENTS' RIGHTS - George J. Annas (1995)
II. MENTAL PATIENTS' RIGHTS - Louis E. Kopolow (1995)

PEDIATRICS, ADOLESCENTS - Angela Roddey Holder (1995); Revised by author

PEDIATRICS, INTENSIVE CARE IN - Robert Truog

PEDIATRICS, OVERVIEW OF ETHICAL ISSUES IN - Eric D. Kodish; Anne Lyren

PEDIATRICS, PUBLIC HEALTH ISSUES IN - Douglas S. Diekema

PHARMACEUTICAL INDUSTRY - Leonard J. Weber

PHARMACEUTICS, ISSUES IN PRESCRIBING - David T. Lowenthal; George J. Caranasos (1995);  Revised by Leonard J. Weber

PLACEBO - Howard Brody (1995); Revised by author

POPULATION ETHICS
I. ELEMENTS OF POPULATION ETHICS: A. - DEFINITION OF POPULATION ETHICS - Donald P. Warwick (1995); Revised by Ronald M. Green
I. ELEMENTS OF POPULATION ETHICS: B. - IS THERE A POPULATION PROBLEM? - Donald P. Warwick (1995)
I. ELEMENTS OF POPULATION ETHICS: C. - HISTORY OF POPULATION THEORIES - William Petersen (1995)
II. NORMATIVE APPROACHES - Donald P. Warwick (1995)
III. RELIGIOUS TRADITIONS: A. - INTRODUCTION - Ronald M. Green (1995); Revised by author
III. RELIGIOUS TRADITIONS: B. - ISLAMIC PERSPECTIVES - John L. Esposito (1995)
III. RELIGIOUS TRADITIONS: C. - JEWISH PERSPECTIVES - David M. Feldman (1995)
III. RELIGIOUS TRADITIONS: D. - ROMAN CATHOLIC PERSPECTIVES - J. Bryan Hehir (1995)
III. RELIGIOUS TRADITIONS: E. - EASTERN ORTHODOX CHRISTIAN PERSPECTIVES - Stanley S. Harakas (1995)
III. RELIGIOUS TRADITIONS: F. - PROTESTANT PERSPECTIVES - J. Philip Wogaman (1995)
III. RELIGIOUS TRADITIONS: G. - HINDU PERSPECTIVES - Barbara D. Miller (1995)
III. RELIGIOUS TRADITIONS: H. - BUDDHIST PERSPECTIVES - Pinit Ratanakul (1995)

POPULATION POLICIES, DEMOGRAPHIC ASPECTS OF - John Bongaarts

POPULATION POLICIES, MIGRATION AND REFUGEES IN - Judith Lichtenberg (1995)

POPULATION POLICIES, STRATEGIES FOR FERTILITY CONTROL IN - Margaret Pabst Battin

PRINCIPLISM - Donald C. Ainslie

PRISONERS AS RESEARCH SUBJECTS - Roy Branson (1995)

PRISONERS, HEALTHCARE ISSUES OF - Nancy Neveloff Dubler (1995); Revised by William J. Rold;  Nancy Neveloff Dubler

PRIVACY AND CONFIDENTIALITY IN RESEARCH - Nancy M. P. King (1995); Revised by author

PRIVACY IN HEALTHCARE - Anita L. Allen (1995); Revised by author

PRIVATE OWNERSHIP OF INVENTIONS - Arti K. Rai

PROFESSIONAL?PATIENT RELATIONSHIP
I. HISTORICAL PERSPECTIVES - Pedro Laín Entralgo (1995); Translated by Frances Partridge (1995)
II. SOCIOLOGICAL PERSPECTIVES - Samuel W. Bloom (1995)
III. ETHICAL ISSUES - Ruth B. Purtilo (1995); Revised by author

PROFESSION AND PROFESSIONAL ETHICS - David T. Ozar (1995); Revised by author

PROFIT AND COMMERCIALISM - Arnold S. Relman (1995); Revised by author

PSYCHIATRY, ABUSES OF - Sidney Bloch (1995); Revised by author

PSYCHOANALYSIS AND DYNAMIC THERAPIES - Kevin V. Kelly (1995); Revised by Peter Caws

PSYCHOPHARMACOLOGY - David P. Folsom; Jeremy Sable; Dilip V. Jeste

PSYCHOSURGERY, ETHICAL ASPECTS OF - Harold Merskey (1995); Revised by author

PSYCHOSURGERY, MEDICAL AND HISTORICAL ASPECTS OF - John C. Oakley (1995);  Revised by author

PUBLIC HEALTH
I. DETERMINANTS - Lester Breslow (1995)
II. HISTORY - John Duffy (1995)
III. PHILOSOPHY - Dan E. Beauchamp (1995)
IV. METHODS - Colin L. Soskolne (1995)

PUBLIC HEALTH LAW
I. THE LAW OF PUBLIC HEALTH - Frank P. Grad (1995); Revised by author
II: LEGAL MORALISM AND PUBLIC HEALTH - Dan E. Beauchamp (1995)

PUBLIC POLICY AND BIOETHICS - Dan W. Brock (1995); Revised by author

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RACE AND RACISM - Atwood D. Gaines (1995)

REHABILITATION MEDICINE - John D. Banja (1995)

REPRODUCTIVE TECHNOLOGIES
I. INTRODUCTION - Luigi Mastroianni, Jr. (1995); Revised by author
II. SEX SELECTION - John McMillan
III. FERTILITY DRUGS - Gladys B. White
IV. LEGAL AND REGULATORY ISSUES - R. Alta Charo (1995)
V. GAMETE DONATION - Cynthia B. Cohen
VI. CONTRACT PREGNANCY - Hilde Lindemann Nelson; James Lindemann Nelson
VII. SPERM, OVA, AND EMBRYOS - John A. Robertson; Cynthia B. Cohen (1995)
VIII. ETHICAL ISSUES - Cynthia B. Cohen (1995)
IX. IN VITRO FERTILIZATION AND EMBRYO TRANSFER - Andrea L. Bonnicksen (1995)

RESEARCH ETHICS COMMITTEES - Robert J. Levine (1995); Revised by author

RESEARCH, HUMAN: HISTORICAL ASPECTS - David J. Rothman (1995)

RESEARCH METHODOLOGY
I. CONCEPTUAL ISSUES - Kenneth F. Schaffner (1995); Revised by author
II. CLINICAL TRIALS - Loretta M. Kopelman (1995); Revised by author
III. SUBJECTS - Carol Levine; Thomas W. Ogletree (1995)

RESEARCH, MULTINATIONAL - Ruth Macklin

RESEARCH POLICY
I. GENERAL BACKGROUND - Greg Koski
II. RISK AND VULNERABLE GROUPS - Loretta M. Kopelman (1995); Revised by author
III. SUBJECTS - Carol Levine (1995); Revised by author

RESEARCH, UNETHICAL - Benjamin Freedman (1995)

RESPONSIBILITY - Thomas W. Ogletree (1995)

RIGHT TO DIE: POLICY AND LAW - Alan Meisel

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SCIENCE, PHILOSOPHY OF - Paul W. Humphreys (1995); Revised by author

SCIENTIFIC PUBLISHING - Richard M. Glass; Annette Flanagin (1995)

SEXISM - Laura Purdy

SEXUAL BEHAVIOR, SOCIAL CONTROL OF - Ernest Wallwork (1995); Revised by author

SEXUAL ETHICS - Margaret A. Farley (1995)

SEXUAL ETHICS AND PROFESSIONAL STANDARDS - Karen Lebacqz (1995)

SEXUAL IDENTITY - Robert C. Solomon; Linda J. Nicholson (1995); Revised by Robert C. Solomon; Jennifer K. Greene

SEXUALITY, LEGAL APPROACHES TO - Clare Dalton (1995); Revised by Nathaniel Stewart

SIKHISM, BIOETHICS IN - W. H. McLeod (1995)

SMOKING - Michael Lavin (1995); Revised by Jacquelyn Slomka

SOCIAL MEDICINE - George A. Silver; Victor W. Sidel (1995); Revised by Victor W. Sidel

SOCIAL WORK IN HEALTHCARE - Frederic G. Reamer (1995)

SPORTS, BIOETHICS OF - Thomas H. Murray (1995); Revised by Angela J. Schneider

STUDENTS AS RESEARCH SUBJECTS - Bruce L. Miller (1995); Revised by Ivor Anton Pritchard; Greg Koski

SUICIDE - Margaret Pabst Battin (1995); Revised by author

SURROGATE DECISION-MAKING - Dan W. Brock

SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT - Leonard J. Weber (1995)

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TEAMS, HEALTHCARE - Ruth B. Purtilo (1995)

TECHNOLOGY
I. HISTORY OF MEDICAL TECHNOLOGY - Stanley Joel Reiser (1995)
II. PHILOSOPHY OF MEDICAL TECHNOLOGY - Carl Mitcham (1995)

TISSUE BANKING AND TRANSPLANTATION, ETHICAL ISSUES IN - Martha Anderson Stuart J. Youngner; Scott Bottenfield; Renie Shapiro

TRANSHUMANISM AND POSTHUMANISM - C. Christopher Hook

TRIAGE - Gerald R. Winslow (1995); Revised by author

TRUST - Caroline Whitbeck (1995)

UTILITARIANISM AND BIOETHICS - R. G. Frey

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VALUE AND HEALTHCARE - Bernard Gert

VALUE AND VALUATION - Thomas W. Ogletree (1995)

VETERINARY ETHICS - M. Lynne Kesel (1995)

VIRTUE AND CHARACTER - Stanley M. Hauerwas (1995)

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WARFARE
I. INTRODUCTION - Gerard Vanderhaar
II. MEDICINE AND WAR - Victor W. Sidel (1995);  Revised by author
III. PUBLIC HEALTH AND WAR - Michael J. Toole (1995); Revised by author
IV. CHEMICAL AND BIOLOGICAL WEAPONS - Victor W. Sidel (1995); Revised by author

WHISTLEBLOWING IN HEALTHCARE -  Charles J. Dougherty (1995); Revised by Leonard J. Weber

WOMEN AS HEALTH PROFESSIONALS, CONTEMPORARY ISSUES OF - Janet Bickel; Gail J. Povar (1995); Revised by Janet Bickel

WOMEN AS HEALTH PROFESSIONALS, HISTORICAL ISSUES OF - Carol C. Nadelson; Malkah T. Notman (1995); Revised by authors

WOMEN, HISTORICAL AND CROSS-CULTURAL PERSPECTIVES - Marilyn J. Boxer (1995)

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XENOTRANSPLANTATION - Abdallah S. Daar; Louisa E. Chapmann